Varicose Vein
Abstract
Varicose vein is a common problem in vein. It is a dilated, elongated, and tortuous vein. It used to be a cosmetic problem, but nowadays it has become a more serious problem, since it can affect quality of life. It usually occurs in the inferior extremities. The venous system is divided into superficial vein, deep vein, perforator vein, and intramuscular sinus venosus. Pathological conditions that usually occur in the vein system are obstruction and valve incompetence. The risk factors of varicose vein are: elderly, history of family with varicose vein, pregnancy, occupation that requires long standing, sedentary life style, and obesity. Ultrasonography (USG) duplex is the most recommended modality to diagnose varicose vein. The classification of this disease is based on chronic venous disease classification, the CEAP (Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, Pathophysiology) classification. The management for varicose vein includes intervention (sclerotherapy, endovenous ablation, and surgery) and non-intervention (education, compression stocking, and pharmacology) therapy.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Gloviczki P. The Layman’ S Handbook of Venous Disorders. London: Hodder Arnold; 2009.
2. Darbari A, Chauhan P, Kumar A, Tandon S. Primary Varicose Vein of Upper Limb: A Rare Entity. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;23(1):44.
3. Welch HJ, Villavicencio JL. Primary Varicose Veins of the Upper Extremity: A Report of Three Cases. J Vasc Surg. 1994;20(3):839–43.
4. Jain S, Jain P, Singh T, Aggarwal N, Singh A. Primary Varicose Veins of the Upper Extremity: A Case Report. Indian J Surg. 2004;66(3):169–71.
5. Corabian P, Harstall C. Sclerotherapy for Leg Varicose Veins. Canada; 2004.
6. Maggisano R, Harrison A. The Venous System. Ontario; 2004.
7. Ferri FF. Ferri`s Clinical Advisor. Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.; 2014.
8. Bergan JJ, Bunke-Paquette N. The Vein Book, Book 3. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.
9. Krishnan S, Nicholls SC. Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Clinical Assessment and Patient Selection. Semin Interv Radiol. 2005;22(3):169–77.
10. Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Circulation [Internet]. 2005;111:2398–409.
11. Davies MG, Lumsden AB. Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Cardiotext Publishing; 2011.
12. Varicose veins in the legs. NICE Clin Guidel. 2013; 168(July).
13. Eklöf B, Rutherford R, Bergan J, Carpentler P, Gloviczki P, Kistner R, et al. Revised of the CEAP Classification fo Chronic Venous Disorders. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(6):1248–52.
14. Labropoulos N, Stansby G. Venous and Lymphatic Disease. New York: Taylor & Francis Group; 2006.
15. Lyseng-Williamson KA, Perry CM. Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction: A Review of its Use in Chronic Venous Insufficiency , Venous Ulcers and Haemorrhoids. Drugs. 2003;63(1):71–100.
16. Ceratti S, Okano FM, Pontes ABG, Pontes AL, Nastri R. Ultrasound-guided Foam Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Radiol Bras. 44(3):167–71.
17. Ultrasound-guided Foam Sclerotherapy for Varicose Veins. Manchester; 2013.
18. Radiofrequency Ablation of Varicose Veins. Manchester; 2003.
19. Endovenous Laser Treatment of the Long Saphenous Vein. Manchester; 2004.
20. Eekeren RRJP Van, Boersma D, Elias S, Holewijn S, Werson DAB, Vries J-PPM De, et al. Endovenous Mechanochemical Ablation of Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence Using the ClariVein Device: A Safety Study. J Endovasc Ther. 2011;18:328–34.
21. Mueller RL, Raines JK. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ClariVein Mechanochemical Ablation : Background and Procedural Details. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013;47(3):195–206.
22. Endovenous Mechanochemical Ablation for Varicose Veins. Manchester; 2013.
23. Padberg FJ, Pappas P, Araki C, Back T, Hobson R. Hemodynamic and Clinical Improvement after Superficial Vein Ablation in Primary Combined Venous Insufficiency with Ulceration. J Vasc Surg. 1996;24(5):711–8.
24. MacKenzie R, Allan P, Ruckley C, Bradbury A. The Effect of Long Saphenous Vein Stripping on Deep Venous Reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;28(1):104–7.
25. Vasquez MA, Rabe E, McLafferty RB, Shortell CK, Marston WA, Gillespie D, et al. Revision of the Venous Clinical Severity Score : Venous Outcomes Consensus Statement : Special Communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(5):1387–96.
2. Darbari A, Chauhan P, Kumar A, Tandon S. Primary Varicose Vein of Upper Limb: A Rare Entity. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;23(1):44.
3. Welch HJ, Villavicencio JL. Primary Varicose Veins of the Upper Extremity: A Report of Three Cases. J Vasc Surg. 1994;20(3):839–43.
4. Jain S, Jain P, Singh T, Aggarwal N, Singh A. Primary Varicose Veins of the Upper Extremity: A Case Report. Indian J Surg. 2004;66(3):169–71.
5. Corabian P, Harstall C. Sclerotherapy for Leg Varicose Veins. Canada; 2004.
6. Maggisano R, Harrison A. The Venous System. Ontario; 2004.
7. Ferri FF. Ferri`s Clinical Advisor. Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.; 2014.
8. Bergan JJ, Bunke-Paquette N. The Vein Book, Book 3. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.
9. Krishnan S, Nicholls SC. Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Clinical Assessment and Patient Selection. Semin Interv Radiol. 2005;22(3):169–77.
10. Eberhardt RT, Raffetto JD. Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Circulation [Internet]. 2005;111:2398–409.
11. Davies MG, Lumsden AB. Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Cardiotext Publishing; 2011.
12. Varicose veins in the legs. NICE Clin Guidel. 2013; 168(July).
13. Eklöf B, Rutherford R, Bergan J, Carpentler P, Gloviczki P, Kistner R, et al. Revised of the CEAP Classification fo Chronic Venous Disorders. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(6):1248–52.
14. Labropoulos N, Stansby G. Venous and Lymphatic Disease. New York: Taylor & Francis Group; 2006.
15. Lyseng-Williamson KA, Perry CM. Micronised Purified Flavonoid Fraction: A Review of its Use in Chronic Venous Insufficiency , Venous Ulcers and Haemorrhoids. Drugs. 2003;63(1):71–100.
16. Ceratti S, Okano FM, Pontes ABG, Pontes AL, Nastri R. Ultrasound-guided Foam Sclerotherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Radiol Bras. 44(3):167–71.
17. Ultrasound-guided Foam Sclerotherapy for Varicose Veins. Manchester; 2013.
18. Radiofrequency Ablation of Varicose Veins. Manchester; 2003.
19. Endovenous Laser Treatment of the Long Saphenous Vein. Manchester; 2004.
20. Eekeren RRJP Van, Boersma D, Elias S, Holewijn S, Werson DAB, Vries J-PPM De, et al. Endovenous Mechanochemical Ablation of Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence Using the ClariVein Device: A Safety Study. J Endovasc Ther. 2011;18:328–34.
21. Mueller RL, Raines JK. Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ClariVein Mechanochemical Ablation : Background and Procedural Details. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013;47(3):195–206.
22. Endovenous Mechanochemical Ablation for Varicose Veins. Manchester; 2013.
23. Padberg FJ, Pappas P, Araki C, Back T, Hobson R. Hemodynamic and Clinical Improvement after Superficial Vein Ablation in Primary Combined Venous Insufficiency with Ulceration. J Vasc Surg. 1996;24(5):711–8.
24. MacKenzie R, Allan P, Ruckley C, Bradbury A. The Effect of Long Saphenous Vein Stripping on Deep Venous Reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;28(1):104–7.
25. Vasquez MA, Rabe E, McLafferty RB, Shortell CK, Marston WA, Gillespie D, et al. Revision of the Venous Clinical Severity Score : Venous Outcomes Consensus Statement : Special Communication of the American Venous Forum Ad Hoc Outcomes Working Group. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(5):1387–96.
Published
2016-05-02
Views & Downloads
Abstract views: 6099
PDF downloads: 12150
PDF downloads: 12150
How to Cite
Septiani, P., & Sulastomo, H. (2016). Varicose Vein. Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 35(4), 296-302. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.v35i4.498
Section
Review Article
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
