Indonesian Journal of Cardiology

Evolving the Subspecialty Cardiology Training

Sunanto Ng — 2025-12-16

Revisiting Subspecialty Training in Cardiology in Indonesia: Structural, Regulatory, and Global Perspectives

Muhammad Munawar — 2025-12-16

The rapid expansion of cardiology as a discipline has prompted the emergence of numerous subspecialties that require structured, competency-based training. In Indonesia, however, the development of subspecialty education remains inconsistent, divided between university-based programs known as Spesialis-2 (Sp-2) and hospital-based fellowships. The interchangeable use of the terms “fellowship” and “subspecialty” has generated conceptual ambiguity and regulatory uncertainty. Globally, subspecialty training in cardiology follows a hospital-based apprenticeship model, led by accredited teaching hospitals and closely regulated by professional boards such as ACGME, ACC, or ESC. Indonesia’s deviation from these international norms has implications not only for the quality of advanced cardiovascular training but also for the nation’s ability to attract international fellows—a marker of global academic recognition. This review examines the current landscape of cardiology subspecialty education in Indonesia, contrasting it with global frameworks, and discusses structural, academic, and legal challenges, including those concerning foreign trainees. The article concludes by proposing a policy framework to harmonize Indonesia’s subspecialty education with global standards, thereby strengthening both national capacity and international credibility.

Pulmonary Hypertension in Indonesia: An Urgent Call to Close the Gaps in Diagnosis and Care

Hary Sakti Muliawan — 2025-12-16

Electrocardiographic Remodeling Before and After Interventional Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects

Yulius Patimang — 2025-12-16

Background:. Secundum Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is one of the most common forms of left-to-right shunt congenital heart defect that leads to right-sided overflow inducing geometrical and electrical changes in the right chambers. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are reliable non-invasive tools to detect various electrical patterns produced by Secundum ASD that can give important clues in diagnostic procedures. After shunt closure, either percutaneously or surgically, normalization of flow ratio will induce reverse remodelling, which is one of the most important prognostic factors after defect closure. Our study aims to detect reverse remodelling in electrical aspects using ECGs in short (< 24 hour) and long term (> 6 months) follow-up after defect closure.

Methods: We screened Secundum ASD patients that were admitted to undergo interventional closure percutaneously and surgically at RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo. After the screening process, 54 eligible subjects were enrolled in this study. Baseline characteristic data were obtained from medical record. ECGs measurements were taken at the time of admission for pre-closure baseline data, within 24 hours of closure and beyond 6 months after closure for follow-up data. Each ECGs parameter statistically was compared for pre-closure versus < 24 hour measurement after closure, and < 24 hour versus 6 months measurement after closure using paired T test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results: In analysis of pre-closure vs. < 24 hour after closure data. There was significant reduction in all of the ECGs parameters (P wave amplitude 0.19 ± 0.04 vs. 0.11 ± 0.03 mv (p<0.001), P wave duration 97.78 ± 11.94 vs. 75.35 ± 13.36 ms (p<0.001), PR interval 182.89 ± 26.47 vs. 156.83 ± 21.81 ms (p<0.001), QRS duration 112.97 ± 14.84 vs. 88.31 ± 14.43 ms (p<0.001), QRS axis 107.94 ± 23.00 vs. 95.25 ± 24.62 ˚ (p<0.001), QTc interval 403.84 ± 30.85 vs. 396.80 ± 33.76 ms (p 0.017), R wave V1 amplitude 0.74 ± 0.35 vs. 0.53 ± 0.24 mv (p<0.001). In analysis of < 24 hour vs. > 6 months after closure data. There was also significant reduction in most of the ECGs parameters (P wave duration 75.05 ± 13.82 vs. 69.46 ± 11.84 ms (p<0.001), PR interval 155.53 ± 22.82 vs. 148.30 ± 19.34 ms (p<0.001), QRS duration 89.74 ± 14.02 vs. 85.38 ± 14.22 ms (p<0.001), QRS axis 94.80 ± 23.57 vs. 81.26 ± 22.96 ˚ (p<0.001), QTc interval 396.22 ± 33.70 vs. 384.40 ± 37.87 ms (p 0.020), R wave V1 amplitude 0.51 ± 0.24 vs. 0.32 ± 0.21 mv (p<0.001), except P wave amplitude (0.121 ± 0.03 vs. 0.119 ± 0.03 ms (p 0.321)).

Conclusion: Our study showed electrical reverse remodelling in the most of the ECGs parameters after Secundum ASD closure except P wave amplitude in long term follow up.

The Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Score as a Systemic Marker of Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Imaging Study

Mohammad Sidqi Aulia — 2025-12-16

Background. Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) is widely used to assess coronary atherosclerosis. However, its utility in reflecting systemic atherosclerosis burden remains limited. Notably, no prior study has investigated the relationship between CACS and plaque morphology in the lower extremities. This study aimed to address this gap by examining the association between CACS, ankle-brachial index (ABI), and peripheral arterial plaque morphology as assessed by duplex ultrasonography.

Methods. This single-center, cross-sectional study enrolled 100 consecutive patients who underwent coronary CT angiography and lower extremity Doppler ultrasound between November 2024 and May 2025. CACS was calculated using Agatston method. ABI and Doppler-based plaque morphology were evaluated to determine the presence, severity, and complexity of peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Results. A moderate inverse correlation was found between CACS and ABI (r = -0.628, p < 0.001), while a moderate positive correlation was observed between CACS and plaque morphology (r = 0.619, p <0.001). CACS showed good discriminatory power for detecting peripheral plaque (AUC = 0.765), and excellent performance in identifying advanced plaque types (III-IV) at a threshold of 478.5 HU (AUC = 0.852; sensitivity 68%; apecificity 91.7%).

Conclusion. This is the first study to demonstrated a direct association between coronary calcium burden and plaque morphology in the lower extremities. These findings highlight the potential role of CACS as a surrogate marker for systemic atherosclerosis and a valuable tool for identifying asymptomatic individuals who may benefit from peripheral arterial evaluation.

Could Cardiac Shockwave Therapy be the Breakthrough Solution for Refractory Angina? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Florentina Dewi Pramesuari — 2025-12-16

Background: Refractory angina (RA) is a chronic condition unresponsive to standard treatments like PCI or CABG, leaving limited options for many patients. Cardiac shockwave therapy (CSWT) is a novel, noninvasive approach that enhances myocardial perfusion through microvascular regeneration. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of CSWT in managing RA. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (Cochrane, PubMed, and ScienceDirect), including comparative studies with controls that evaluated CSWT in RA patients between 2010 and 2024. Studies not in English, with irrelevant outcomes, or lacking full-text access, were excluded. Data were extracted and analyzed using a random-effects model to address heterogeneity. Results: Seven studies, including 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 observational studies, with a total of 417 patients were analyzed. CSWT demonstrated significant improvements in multiple clinical outcomes. CSWT reduces angina severity in CSWT reduces angina severity in CCS grade (MD -0.76, 95% CI -0.97, -0.55, P < 0.00001) and in NYHA class (MD -0.62, 95% CI -0.95, -0.30, P = 0.0002), increased the 6- Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance by 57.63 meters (MD 57.63, 95% CI 16.71, 98.54, P = 0.006), increased SAQ scores by 10.96 points (MD 10.96, 95% CI 1.66, 20.26, P = 0.02), improved LVEF by 4.43% (MD 4.43, 95% CI: 2.66 to 6.21, P< 0.01), and decreased nitroglycerin usage by 1.62 intake per week (MD -1.62, 95% CI -2.61, -0.62, P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in LVEDD between the two groups. Conclusion: CSWT appears to be a promising therapeutic option for patients with RA, demonstrating improvement in CCS angina class, NYHA class, 6-min walk test distances, SAQ score, LVEF, and reduces nitroglycerin usage.

Keyword: Cardiac Shockwave Therapy, Refractory Angina, Non-invasive Cardiac Therapy, Chronic Angina Treatment, Innovative Angina Therapies

Accuracy of the YEARS Algorithm Compared to Thoracic Imaging for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnant and Postpartum Patients

Hiradipta Ardining — 2025-12-16

The number of morbidity and mortality caused by Pulmonary Embolism (PE) has increased as of recent. Diagnosing PE during pregnancy and postpartum period is particularly challenging given the overlapping symptoms with physiological changes of pregnancy. Recent evidence suggests that the pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm, combining clinical probability assessment with D-dimer measurement, may exclude PE without the need for thoracic imaging, thereby reducing unnecessary radiation exposure.
This systematic review and meta-analysis intends to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm in comparison with thoracic imaging among pregnant and postpartum individuals that are suspected of PE.
Three databases were searched systematically, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Eligible studies included pregnant or postpartum women suspected of having PE who were assessed with the YEARS algorithm, using CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) scan as the reference standard. Risk of bias was assessed meticulously using the QUADAS-2 tool. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, as well as the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated by Meta-Disc utilizing a random-effects model.
Five studies comprising 1,036 patients, ultimately with low risk of bias were included. The pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm showed a pooled sensitivity of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94–1.00), pooled specificity of 0.12 (95% CI: 0.10–0.14), and an AUC of 0.72, which indicated adequate rule-out ability but limited utility for ruling in PE.
The YEARS algorithm that has been adapted for pregnancy may be safely used as a screening tool in excluding PE in pregnant and postpartum women, thereby reducing unnecessary maternal and fetal exposure to radiation. However, confirmatory thoracic imaging remains essential for positive cases.

From Benign Origins to Final Moments: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Premature Ventricular Complexes Culminating in Asystole on Holter Monitoring

Sunu Budhi Raharjo, MD, PhD — 2025-12-16

Background: Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) are a common cardiac arrhythmia typically of benign nature. Their origin, the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), is often a point of interest due to its implications in treatment strategies. While the vast majority of PVC RVOT cases remain uneventful, there are isolated incidents that challenge this common perception. Continuous monitoring methods, such as the Holter monitor, have provided invaluable insights into the real-world dynamics of arrhythmias, capturing rare events that can be of paramount clinical significance.

Case Illustration: A 60-year-old female, presented to Harapan Kita Hospital Jakarta in May with palpitations. Over several visits, physical examinations consistently indicated a heart within normal parameters, absent of murmurs or gallop. Successive ECGs revealed persistent PVCs of RVOT origin. Despite medical intervention, her arrhythmic pattern persisted. By September, her symptoms had diversified, including occasional chest pain, nausea, and dyspnea. An ECG, yet again, confirmed PVCs with RVOT origin. During a Holter monitoring session on September, a distressing sequence of events was captured. The monitor initially registered a non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). which escalated to sustained VT, ventricular fibrillation, and culminating in asystole, marking the patient's final moments.

Conclusions: The pathophysiological journey from benign PVCs of RVOT origin to a fatal arrhythmic event underscores the unpredictability and inherent dangers of cardiac arrhythmias. This case is a reminder of the critical importance of persistent monitoring, timely interventions, and the nuanced understanding of conditions conventionally deemed 'benign'.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome Manifesting as Myocardial Infarction: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Shayan Shahi — 2025-12-16

Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, including lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and β2-glycoprotein I. These antibodies target phospholipids and associated proteins, leading to diverse clinical manifestations such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocardial infarction caused by arterial thromboembolism is a rare first manifestation of APS.

Case summary: We present a case study of a 37-year-old female with a suspicious history of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) with no identifiable risk factors a decade ago and recently suffered a sudden Myocardial Infarction (MI) due to arterial Thrombosis. Angiographic appearance and Angioplasty were challenging at the presentation time since the clot was migratory and moved between coronary vessels. We conducted a Thrombophilia evaluation due to the unusual site of Thrombosis and the patient's age at the presentation, which led us to establish the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)

Brief conclusion: Different anticoagulation regimes are suggested depending on whether an APS patient has an arterial or venous thrombosis. According to the clinical situations, there may be potential therapeutic challenges. Patients with APS are required to maintain lifelong oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists. Meanwhile, Non-vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) are under investigation as potential future treatments for APS.

Breaking Bad News to a Terminally-Diseased Physician in ICCU: A Case Study of Ethical and Cultural Dilemma

Teuku Muhammad Haykal Putra — 2025-12-16

Background: Breaking bad news is one of the most problematic tasks for physician. Moreover, local guidelines or recommendations about this is not well established in Indonesia and its practice still varies between physicians.

Case Illustration: This paper presents a case of a fellow physician admitted to ICCU with terminal cardiac condition whose family wished to keep the bad news away from the patient. The physician team were in a difficult situation when the patient asked about his condition, but they decided to respect and commit to the family’s decision to not giving information about his terminal state.

Conclusions: In performing such problematic task, balancing non-maleficence and autonomy principle is the key. Cultural background differences should also be considered when dealing with such cases. Other important factor that can affect this practice is lack of legal support in Indonesia. Combination of all those factors should always be considered for the best interest of both parties.

The Impact of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) After Mitral Valve Surgery on Long Term Mortality

Sabrina Erriyanti — 2025-12-16

In “The Impact of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) After Mitral Valve Surgery on

Long Term Mortality” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1196),

there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1196

The Incidence of Persistent Symptom and Echocardiographic Findings in Survivors of COVID-19 Infection with Mild Symptoms

Prima Almazini — 2025-12-16

In “The Incidence of Persistent Symptom and Echocardiographic Findings in Survivors of COVID-19 Infection with Mild Symptoms” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1160), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1160

When Positive Ischemic Response on Treadmill Test Implies Otherwise: One Overlooked Pitfall on TMT

Dmitri Muhammad Rifanda — 2025-12-16

In “When Positive Ischemic Response on Treadmill Test Implies Otherwise: One Overlooked Pitfall on TMT” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(1), 30-6. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1197), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1197

Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome Indonesia: Insight from One ACS Multicenter Registry

Dafsah Arifa Juzar — 2025-12-16

In “Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Indonesia: Insight from One ACS Multicenter Registry”

(Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1406), there is an error

noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1406

Validation and Comparison of Zwolle, TIMI, and GRACE Risk Scores for STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in The Indonesian Population.

An Aldia Asrial — 2025-12-16

In “Validation and Comparison of Zwolle, TIMI, and GRACE Risk Scores for STEMI Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in The Indonesian Population” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(2), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1324), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1324

C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio Predict In-Hospital and Long-term Outcome of ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with SARS-CoV2 Infection Underwent Fibrinolytic Therapy.

Gusti Ngurah Prana Jagannatha — 2025-12-16

In “C-Reactive Protein to Albumin Ratio Predict In-Hospital and Long-term Outcome of ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients with SARS-CoV2 Infection Underwent Fibrinolytic Therapy” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(2), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1305), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1305

Cardiogenic Shock

H. P. Bagaswoto — 2025-12-16

In “Cardiogenic Shock” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(2), 90-9. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1505), there are an errors noted.

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An error also appears in the affiliations section. In the original article, the affiliations were incorrectly listed as:
[1] Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta
[2] Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta
[3] Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan
[4] Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

The affiliations have been corrected to:
[1] Department of Cardiology and Vacular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
[2] Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
[3] Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
[4] Cardiology Research Office, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1505

Management of Decongestion in Acute Heart Failure: Time for a New Approach?

Miftah Pramudyo — 2025-12-16

In “Management of Decongestion in Acute Heart Failure: Time for a New Approach?” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(2), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1381), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1381

Does Chronic Inflammation Play a Role in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Restenosis after Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy?

Maruli Butarbutar — 2025-12-16

In “Does Chronic Inflammation Play a Role in Rheumatic Mitral Valve Restenosis after Percutaneous

Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy?” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(3), 101-107. https://doi.

org/10.30701/ijc.1398), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1398

Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes of Milrinone Compared to Dobutamine in Cardiogenic Shock: A-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

William Bahagia — 2025-12-16

In “Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes of Milrinone Compared to Dobutamine in Cardiogenic Shock: A-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(3), 108-15. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1296), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1296

High Degree AV Block in Infants

Agus Cahyono — 2025-12-16

In “High Degree AV Block in Infants” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(3), 116-22. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1244), there are errors noted.

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An error also appears in the affiliation section. In the original publication, the affiliation were incorrectly listed as “Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia”. The affiliations have been corrected to “Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia”.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1244

An Acute Anterior Reinfarction Complicating with Transient Symptomatic Total Atrioventricular Block

Mochamad Rizky Hendiperdana — 2025-12-16

In “An Acute Anterior Reinfarction Complicating with Transient Symptomatic Total Atrioventricular Block” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(3), 130-6. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1216), there is an error noted.

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In the original published version of this article, there is an error in the author’s name. The author’s name has been changed to “Mochamad Rizky Hendiperdana” from the previous “Rizky Hendiperdana.”

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1216

The Importance of Hyperthyroid Screening in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Persistent Tachycardia Despite Optimal Decongestion: A Case Report

Risalina Myrtha — 2025-12-16

In “The Importance of Hyperthyroid Screening in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Persistent Tachycardia Despite Optimal Decongestion: A Case Report” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(3), 123-9. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1328), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1328

Simplified Selvester QRS Score as an Infarct Size Parameter in STEMI Patients Undergoing Pharmacoinvasive or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Arif Eka Prasetya — 2025-12-16

In “Simplified Selvester QRS Score as an Infarct Size Parameter in STEMI Patients Undergoing Pharmacoinvasive or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(4), 150-8. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1186), there is an error noted.

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Mayo Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Admission Risk Score (M-CARS) validation test to assess mortality during treatment in Cardiovascular Care Unit (CVCU) patients at Haji Adam Malik Hospital

Basten Jeremiah Siahaan — 2025-12-16

In “Mayo Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Admission Risk Score (M-CARS) Validation Test to Assess Mortality During Treatment in Cardiovascular Care Unit (CVCU)Patients at Haji Adam Malik Hospital” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(4), 137-43. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1261), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1261

Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patient at Intensive Cardiac Care Unit

Haris Jauhari — 2025-12-16

In “Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patient at Intensive Cardiac Care Unit” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(4), 144-9. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1322), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1322

A Broken Heart Coexisting with Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Double Trouble

Dafsah Arifa Juzar — 2025-12-16

In “A Broken Heart Coexisting with Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Double Trouble” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(4), 168-73. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1368), there is an error noted.

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A Rare Case of Ventricular Standstill and High-Grade AV Block in Patient with Thyrotoxicosis

Achmad Bima Aryaputra — 2025-12-16

In “A Rare Case of Ventricular Standstill and High-Grade AV Block in Patient with Thyrotoxicosis” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 43(4), 159-67. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1299), there is an error noted.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1299

Added Value of CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Safe Contrast Volume for Contrast Induced Nephropathy Prediction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Wael Ali Khalil — 2025-12-16

In “Added Value of CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Safe Contrast Volume for Contrast Induced Nephropathy Prediction after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1516), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1516. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1516

Usefulness of The CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc Scores in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Miftah Pramudyo — 2025-12-16

In “Usefulness of The CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc Scores in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1294), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1294. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

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DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1294

The Sub-Analysis of HFmrEF and HFrEF Group in CORE-HF Registry : When being Good is Not Enough

Trisulo Wasyanto — 2025-12-16

In “The Sub-Analysis of HFmrEF and HFrEF Group in CORE-HF Registry: When being Good is Not Enough” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(1), 10-6. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1545), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1545. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1545

Hyperkalemia Mimicking Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction: a Rare Feature that Confuses Clinicians

Raka Aldy Nugraha — 2025-12-16

In “Hyperkalemia Mimicking Anteroseptal Myocardial Infarction: a Rare Feature that Confuses Clinicians” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1297), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1297. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1297

Factors Influencing Mortality of Thoracic Aortic Surgery in The Third World Country

Rienna Diansari — 2025-12-16

In “Factors Influencing Mortality of Thoracic Aortic Surgery in the Third World Country” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(2), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1494), there are several errors noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1494. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

An error also appears in the affiliations section. In the original article, the affiliation for author Brian Mendel was incorrectly displayed as “Department of Cardiology & Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia”. The affiliation has been corrected to “Sultan Sulaiman Government Hospital, Serdang Bedagai, Sei Rampah, Indonesia”.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1494

PEACH Score Validation of Postoperative In-Hospital Mortality in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Juang Idaman Zebua — 2025-12-16

In “PEACH Score Validation of Postoperative In-Hospital Mortality in Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(2), 61-7. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1546), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1546. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1546

Correlation between Peak Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain and The Severity of Mitral Valve Disease at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Dina Ryanti — 2025-12-16

In “Correlation between Peak Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain and The Severity of Mitral Valve Disease at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(2), 68-74. https://doi.
org/10.30701/ijc.1541), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1541. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1541

Impact of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Cardiorenal Syndrome

Sagar Tandel, Dr. — 2025-12-16

In “Impact of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: Cardiorenal Syndrome” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(2), 75-86. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1561), there are an errors noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1561. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

An error was also found in the author's name, Sagar Tandel. We have corrected the author name from “Sager Tandel” to “Sagar Tandel”.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1561

Triglyceride Glucose Index as a Predictor of 30-Day Readmission and 6 Months Mortality After Hospitalization in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Arindya Rezeki — 2025-12-16

In “Triglyceride Glucose Index as a Predictor of 30-Day Readmission and 6 Months Mortality After Hospitalization in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(2), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1380), there are an errors noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1380. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

An error also occurred in the author’s name. We have corrected the author’s name from “Vienna Rossiamarina” to “Vienna Rossimarina.”

There is also an error in the page numbering on the first page of the article. At the top, it says “57-64,” but we have changed it to the correct page numbers (53-60).

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1380

Transcatheter Closure for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Unveiling Key Predictors in Pediatric Interventions

Natal Ria — 2025-12-16

In “Transcatheter Closure for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Unveiling Key Predictors in Pediatric Interventionse” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(3), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1571), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1571. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1571

Exploring Clinical and Echocardiographic Factors in EHRA Type 2 Atrial Fibrillation for Predicting Ischaemic Stroke: A Search for Unrevealed Insights

Jessica Putri Natalia Simbolon — 2025-12-16

In “Exploring Clinical and Echocardiographic Factors in EHRA Type 2 Atrial Fibrillation for Predicting Ischaemic Stroke: A Search for Unrevealed Insights” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(3), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1562), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1562. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1562

Modified STEMI protocol for PPCI during COVID-19 Pandemic: Does it prolong Door-To-Balloon performance?

Astri Yuniarsih Putranto — 2025-12-16

In “Modified STEMI protocol for PPCI during COVID-19 Pandemic: Does it prolong Door-To-Balloon performance?” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(3), 103-10. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1325), there is an error noted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1325. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1325

Utility of Ischemic Signs from Initial ECG in Detecting Culprit Vessels in NSTE-ACS Patients

Michael Asby Wijaya — 2025-12-16

In “Utility of Ischemic Signs from Initial ECG in Detecting Culprit Vessels in NSTE-ACS Patients” (Indonesian Journal of Cardiology, 44(3), 111-9. https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1321), there is an errorsnoted.

An error has been found in the PDF version of this article. The DOI printed in the PDF is incorrect. The correct DOI is https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1321. The error occurs only in the PDF; the DOI listed in the article metadata is already correct.

The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused by this error.

DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.30701/ijc.1321