Demographic Profile and Clinical Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Mitral Stenosis Patients February–September 2024 at Brebes General Regional Hospital, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Mitral Stenosis (MS) is a common valvular manifestation of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) and remains prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Data describing the demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics of newly diagnosed MS patients in low socioeconomic settings in Indonesia are limited. This study aimed to describe the demographic profile, clinical characteristics, and echocardiographic findings of newly diagnosed MS patients at Brebes General Regional Hospital.
Methods: This observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the cardiology outpatient clinic of Brebes General Regional Hospital in Central Java, Indonesia, from 1 February to 30 September 2024. Adult patients with a first-time diagnosis of MS confirmed by transthoracic echocardiography were included. Demographic and socioeconomic data were obtained through structured interviews, while clinical and echocardiographic data were collected from medical records.
Results: A total of 56 patients were included. Most patients were female (69.7%) and middle-aged (mean age 50 ± 16.3 years), with the majority having low socioeconomic status. Non-isolated (mixed) MS was observed in most patients. Echocardiographic evaluation showed reduced left ventricular systolic function (mean LVEF 42.8 ± 11.2%) and impaired Right Ventricular (RV) systolic function (mean TAPSE 16.6 ± 2.6 mm). The mean tricuspid regurgitation Maximum Velocity (TR Vmax) was 2.89 ± 0.61 m/s. Despite these findings, most patients presented with mild functional limitation (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class I–II).
Conclusion: Newly diagnosed MS patients at Brebes General Regional Hospital were predominantly middle-aged women with low socioeconomic status and mixed valvular involvement. Quantitative echocardiographic assessment demonstrated impaired left and RV function, underscoring the importance of early detection and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation in low-resource settings.
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